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Mysteries of The Giants

After the extinction of the dinosaurs, the Earth was populated by other, astonishingly gigantic animals: a 13-metre snake weighing as much as a truck, a shark as big as a school bus, a 20-ton rhinoceros and a sloth 200 times the size of sloths today. Although they dominate their ecosystems, giant animals are often more vulnerable than others. They are susceptible to climate change, loss of habitat, shortages of food and competitors invading their territory. In fact, today’s last giants – the descendants of those behemoths – are all in decline. Some of them are even threatened with imminent extinction.

Mysteries of The Giants

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The Trial of Paul Touvier

Paul Touvier, a former member of the Vichy Militia, was sentenced to death in 1947 for war crimes but evaded justice thanks to the support of the Church and the statute of limitations, which expired in 1967. In 1973, he received a presidential pardon from Pompidou, but an investigation led to the reopening of proceedings for crimes against humanity, for which there is no statute of limitations. Hunted down, he was arrested in 1989 at the Saint-Joseph Priory in Nice. His trial began in March 1994, shedding light on the role of the Milice, the armed wing of the collaboration, and of Vichy. Touvier was charged with complicity in crimes against humanity for the execution of seven Jews in retaliation for the assassination of a propagandist. His personal notebooks reveal his anti-Semitism. On April 20, 1994, he was sentenced to life imprisonment and died in 1997. This trial sparked a debate on the responsibility of the French state during the Occupation.

The Trial of Paul Touvier

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The Trial of Maurice Papon

Maurice Papon, a high-ranking official under the Vichy regime, oversaw the deportation of hundreds of Jews from the Gironde prefecture in 1942. After the war, he enjoyed a prestigious career as a prefect, member of parliament, and minister without ever facing any repercussions. In 1981, the newspaper “Le Canard enchaîné” revealed his role during the Occupation, backed by documents, leading to a complaint for crimes against humanity. After 16 years of legal proceedings, his trial began in 1997. Accused of complicity in the deportation of 1,600 Jews, he claimed he was merely obeying government orders and acting under coercion from the Nazi occupiers, while the prosecution emphasized his conscious responsibility. Sentenced to 10 years’ imprisonment in 1998 following a trial lasting more than six months, he was released in 2002 for health reasons. This trial, a belated symbol of the accountability of public officials, continues to fuel reflection on individual responsibility.

The Trial of Maurice Papon

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